invention

: when one finds the available means of conveying specific ideas to create an impact on the audience

knowledge

: facts, information, or skills gathered through past experiences or education (does your audience already know about your topic)

listening

: the communicative process of receiving, constructing meaning from, and responding to spoken and/or nonverbal messages

logos

: a logical appeal to the audience

magnitude of change

: the level of significant behavioral or intellectual change; significance; should be downplayed in a persuasive speech

manipulate

: the act of getting others to believe or do something through deception, misleading information, or other underhanded tactics

metaphor

: a figure of speech in which a term or phrase is applied to something to which it is not literally applicable in order to suggest a resemblance (e.g. Her eyes were fireflies)

method

: a reference to the four delivery methods: speaking from memory, manuscript, extemporaneously, and impromptu

monologic communication

: one-sided communication where the focus is on the speaker and the audience members are seen as objects

need

: a requirement, necessary duty, or obligation; a lack of something deemed necessary

negative audience

: an audience that is knowledgeable about your topic but does not support your opinion or proposed action

object

: to explain to the audience about an item or object (specifically how it relates to or represents you)

oughtness

: the values in ethics that show rightness, goodness, truthfulness, justice, and virtue, which affect you and the audience

pathos

: an emotional appeal to the audience

person

: to explain to the audience about a person or figure

personal inventory

: the process of examing parts of your life (experiences, hobbies, jobs, trips, organizations, classes, etc.) to determine areas where you have an interest or expertise beyond that of your audience

perspective 

: point of view or a particular attitude toward something